During the past decade, accumulating evidence from the research
highlights the suggested effects of bacterial communities of the human
gut microbiota and their metabolites on health and disease. In this
regard, microbiota-derived metabolites and their receptors, beyond the
immune system, maintain metabolism homeostasis, which is essential to
maintain the hosts health by balancing the utilization and intake of
nutrients. It has been shown that gut bacterial dysbiosis can cause
pathology and altered bacterial metabolites formation, resulting in
dysregulation of the immune system and metabolism. The short-chain fatty
acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, acetate, and succinate, are produced
due to the fermentation process of bacteria in the gut. It has been
noted remodeling in the gut microbiota metabolites associated with the
pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, such as Alzheimers
disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis, stress, anxiety, depression, autism, vascular dementia,
schizophrenia, stroke, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,
among others. This review will discuss the current evidence from the
most significant studies dealing with some SCFAs from gut microbial
metabolism with selected neurological disorders.