microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune system regulation, such as cell proliferation, tolerance (central and peripheral), and T helper cell
development. Dysregulation of miRNA expression and activity can disrupt
immune responses and increase susceptibility to neuroimmune disorders.
Conversely, miRNAs have been shown to have a protective role in
modulating immune responses and preventing autoimmunity. Specifically,
reducing the expression of miRNA-128 (miR-128) in an Alzheimers disease
(AD) mouse model has been found to improve cognitive deficits and reduce neuropathology. This comprehensive review focuses on the significance of miR-128 in the pathogenesis of neuroautoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), AD, Parkinsons disease (PD), Huntingtons disease (HD), epilepsy, as well as other immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis
(RA). Additionally, we present compelling evidence supporting the
potential use of miR-128 as a diagnostic or therapeutic biomarker for
neuroimmune disorders. Collectively, the available literature suggests
that targeting miR-128 could be a promising strategy to alleviate the
behavioral symptoms associated with neuroimmune diseases. Furthermore,
further research in this area may uncover new insights into the
molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and potentially lead to
the development of novel therapeutic approaches.